Views Total views. Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Combining the latest research from organizational theory, organizational behavior, psychology, sociology, political science and more, the model detailed here provides real guidance for real leaders.
Guide, motivate, and inspire your team's best performance as you learn to:Optimize group, team, and organizational structure Build a positive, collaborative dynamic across generations, teams, and sectors Understand power and conflict amidst the internal and external political landscape Shape your organization's culture and build a cohesive sense of spirit Bolman and Deal's four-frame model has withstood the test of time because it offers an accessible, compact, and powerful set of ideas for navigating complexity and turbulence.
Reframing Organizations provides clear guidance and up- to-date insight for anyone facing the challenges of contemporary leadership. Bolman pdf, Read Lee G. Click Download or Read Online Button 2. E-book Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership PDF Ebook Description Set aside trends to focus on the fundamentals of great leadership Reframing Organizations provides time-tested guidance for more effective organizational leadership.
Reframing Organizations provides clear guidance and up-to-date insight for anyone facing the challenges of contemporary leadership. You just clipped your first slide! Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips.
Visibility Others can see my Clipboard. Cancel Save. Reframing Organizations 6th ed. Bolman available from Rakuten Kobo. Set aside trends to focus on the fundamentals. Reframing Organizations provides time-tested guidance for more effective organizational leadership.
Rooted in decades of social science research across. Reframing Organizations eBook by Lee G. This fourth edition maintains the lively and solid structure while offering a clear understanding and managing organizations. It is filled with new case examples such as Hurricane Katrina and profiles of great leaders such as Mother Theresa, Thomas Keller, and others.
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First time Reframing Organizations, 6th Edition audiobook cover art. Sample Free with day trial. Set aside trends to focus on the fundamentals of great leadership Reframing Organizations provides time-tested guidance for more effective organizational leadership. Set aside trends to focus on the fundamentals of great leadership Reframing Organizations provides timetested.
Rooted in decades of social science research. The Instructor's guide has been exp and ed to provide additional tools for the. Epilogue: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership. Wider adoption of evidence-based, health promotion practices depends on developing and testing effective dissemination approaches.
To assist in developing these approaches, we created a practical framework drawn from the literature on dissemination and our experiences disseminating evidence-based practices.
The main elements of our framework are 1 a close partnership between researchers and a disseminating organization that takes ownership of the dissemination process and 2 use of social marketing principles to work closely with potential user organizations.
We present 2 examples illustrating the framework: EnhanceFitness, for physical activity among older adults, and American Cancer Society Workplace Solutions, for chronic disease prevention among workers. We also discuss 7 practical roles that researchers play in dissemination and related research: sorting through the evidence, conducting formative research, assessing readiness of user organizations, balancing fidelity and reinvention, monitoring and evaluating, influencing the outer context, and testing dissemination approaches.
Although the public health community has developed many evidence-based practices to promote healthy behaviors, adoption of these practices has been haphazard 1,2. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC and the National Institutes of Health NIH have called for more attention to dissemination of evidence-based practices and for research on how to increase dissemination effectiveness Several conceptual frameworks have been developed to organize the extensive literature on diffusion and dissemination of evidence-based practices.
Particularly relevant for the dissemination of evidence-based health promotion practices are those of Greenhalgh et al 6 and Wandersman et al 7. Greenhalgh, focusing on system-level practices in large health care organizations, reviewed the literature on dissemination and diffusion and developed a conceptual framework to organize it.
Wandersman focused more directly on health promotion practices that might be implemented in both small and large organizations; his interactive systems framework ISF highlights the roles of key actors in the dissemination process.
Another recently developed framework that synthesizes several existing frameworks including that of Greenhalgh is the consolidated framework for implementation research CFIR 8.
Finally, the RE-AIM framework, though developed for evaluation, is widely used to provide organizing principles for the dissemination of evidence-based practices 9. These frameworks are useful for generating hypotheses for future research, but no practical framework exists for developing and testing dissemination approaches. Such a framework would serve as a guide to dissemination for community-based organizations and help researchers develop and test approaches to dissemination of evidence-based practices.
To illustrate the framework, we use 2 dissemination approaches we have developed and tested and discuss practical roles researchers play in dissemination and dissemination research. The evidence-based practices that can be disseminated using our proposed framework Figure include environmental changes, policies, programs, and systems.
Examples of evidence-based practices include research-tested environmental changes eg, increased availability of healthy food in schools and workplaces , policies eg, employer insurance coverage of treatment for tobacco cessation , programs eg, healthy-aging exercise programs, such as Matter of Balance [10] and Active for Life [11] , and systems change eg, expanded hours for mammography clinics.
The dissemination framework shows the resources researchers and disseminating organizations affecting a user organization through a dissemination approach developed collaboratively, using social marketing principles. The framework functions in an outer context of modifiable and unmodifiable elements.
The HPRC framework acknowledges that practices can spread either passively or actively. The larger dissemination approach arrow shows that diffusion alone is often not an effective way of spreading evidence-based practices and that specific efforts are required to encourage widespread implementation. The framework focuses on the active dissemination process. The HPRC framework has 3 main actors: researchers and disseminating organizations Figure, left and user organizations Figure, right.
Researchers seek to create new knowledge to aid dissemination of best practices. User organizations put best practices into place. Disseminators may be nonprofit organizations that market an evidence-based practice eg, through licensing or sales of a branded health promotion program or foundations or governmental agencies that fund user organizations to support adoption and researchers to evaluate implementation of evidence-based practices eg, grant funding provided by the Administration on Aging to encourage adoption of evidence-based practices.
Researchers and disseminators build a mutually beneficial collaborative partnership. Researchers work closely with disseminators in refining and testing the dissemination approach to make it more suitable for user organizations.
Although researchers can serve as disseminators, disseminators have at least 2 advantages in disseminating best practices: 1 they can focus on dissemination, rather than on research objectives and funding, and thus focus on the support systems needed to reach the scale necessary to make a difference at a population level; and 2 they may be closer in culture and values to user organizations than are researchers and thus better able to promote best practices and adapt them to local needs.
Successful dissemination of evidence-based practices in a user organization involves a cascade of steps Figure. Steps include adoption, implementation, and maintenance. The cascade also acknowledges the fixed elements of the user organization — that is, the state of the organization before dissemination — and its readiness to support adoption, implementation, and maintenance, including the availability of human and financial resources.
The terminology parallels the adoption, implementation, and maintenance steps in the RE-AIM framework 9. The output of this cascade is change in organizational practices and personal behaviors that result in improved health and other benefits eg, increased productivity for either the members of the organization eg, its workers or the consumers it serves.
This arrow highlights the need for understanding user organizations and all potential steps in the implementation process, from readiness factors through how to motivate adoption and facilitate implementation and maintenance. We believe these linkages and learnings should be informed by principles of social marketing, which focus on the needs and capabilities of user organizations.
Applying these principles, the disseminator begins with a market analysis This analysis assesses the potential benefits of the evidence-based practices — to both the user organization and to its members and consumers targeted for behavior change — and potential barriers to adoption both organizational and individual. The analysis evaluates 5 key areas 13 :.
By conducting a full market analysis, the disseminator will be prepared to decide which segments of potential user organizations to target and how to best position the evidence-based practice s for these targeted segments The process of segmentation can begin either at the organizational level identifying unique groups of user organizations that are particularly well-equipped to adopt the practice or at the individual level identifying unique groups of individuals that the disseminator believes should adopt the behavior s that the practice promotes.
In targeting , the disseminator identifies the specific segment s for which it wishes to develop a dissemination approach. Once the target is identified, the dissemination approach should be positioned to communicate the benefits of the promoted practices clearly and concisely, stressing the particular benefits that are expected to resonate with the target segment.
At the level of the user organization, for example, positioning asks, What specific organizational needs will be met with this practice, more so than with other practices, and why? In summary, the HPRC framework proposes that to disseminate evidence-based practices effectively, researchers must 1 collaborate with a disseminator and 2 work with user organizations to refine the practice and approach to dissemination, guided by the principles of social marketing.
In this section, we present 2 examples to illustrate the dissemination framework Box 1. In each example, we italicize key terms from Box 1. EF, an evidence-based practice , is a low-cost, highly adaptable, group exercise program for older adults. In its original trial, EF increased physical activity among participants and helped them to maintain a higher level of functioning than that of the comparison population For more than a decade, Senior Services, a nonprofit community-based organization in King County, Washington, has served as the disseminating organization for EF For several years, HPRC and Senior Services have used linkages and learnings to refine and adapt EF to meet the needs of user organizations , including senior centers, and special populations, such as frail older adults and those with dementia.
As its dissemination approach , Senior Services licenses EF to senior centers and other user organizations, which pay a licensing fee, and uses the revenue from licensing to aid implementation by these user organizations. Supported by the licensing fee, Senior Services offers instructor certification classes for EF at sites around the country, provides technical assistance,training, and marketing materials, and collects and analyzes program fidelity and fitness data.
Dissemination results to date show that EF reaches diverse participants nationwide. ACS WPS offers employers a package of evidence-based practices aimed at promoting health in the workplace and preventing chronic diseases among workers.
HPRC and ACS work with a range of employers, including small and mid-sized employers and those in low-wage industries. As its dissemination approach , ACS deploys local and regional staff who act as change agents external technical experts working inside a user organization 2.
The HPRC framework for dissemination and dissemination research builds on the literature and has been shaped by our successful experience in developing and disseminating chronic disease prevention practices.
As the 2 examples show, we have worked with private organizations as national disseminators, using theory-based dissemination approaches, and have achieved nationwide reach of evidence-based practices. The Workplace Solutions package of evidence-based practices includes environmental changes, policies, programs, and systems changes, so we believe this framework is applicable to all of these areas and to the broad field of translational research 5, The HPRC framework incorporates elements from the Greenhalgh framework and parallels key elements of the Wandersman ISF framework; each of these frameworks is based on a review of a large body of literature.
Also from Greenhalgh, we adopt the idea that the process of implementation in an organization is organization-specific and involves a complex series of steps. Researchers, therefore, need to work closely with both disseminators and user organizations in designing dissemination approaches Figure. And our process of researchers working with the disseminators and user organizations to refine the practice and dissemination strategy is a close approximation of the ISF Prevention Synthesis and Translation System.
Kreuter and Bernhardt 19 highlight an additional need for effective dissemination of public health products — marketing and distribution systems. For commercial products, these systems include transfer to distributors, distribution to consumer outlets, inventory management, sales, technical assistance, customer service, and repair.
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